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Dyes and pigments are used to create different types of leathers. Aniline leathers require only dyes, which are transparent and allow the natural character of the leather to be seen. A small amount of pigment is used for semi-aniline leathers and an heavy amount of pigment is used for pigmented leathers, which covers the natural grain surface but provides good defect coverage.
To influence the appearance and feel of the leather, plating and embossing operations are carried out to achieve specific feels and grain patterns. Embossing is a technique that can be used on any type of leather to assist in the coverage of defects, improvement of utilization or adding an asthetic and fashion effect that is uniform.
In order to achieve a natural grain pattern, leathers can be naturally milled. More often called tumbled leathers, the surface texture in this process is developed by tumbling the leathers in a drum so they crease and fold. This operation is greatly affected by the retannaging process.
The leather must be tested to make sure that it meets the physical specs requested by the brands. (strenght, temper, color fastness/migration, abrasion, adhesion, maeser flexes, flexing endurance, etc.)
One of the final stage is to inspect and trim the leather. Each and every side is assessed a grade between 1 and 9 using Satra grading standards to determine the quality and grading percentage of the finished product.
The final stage is to measure and then pack the leather into boxes. The boxes are then placed into the warehouse while the financial and transportation logistics are finalized.